Initial and Current Museum Policies of Istanbul Archaeology Museum

Initial and Current Museum Policies of Istanbul Archaeology Museum Free Online Research Papers Founded in efforts of Westernization, in the most difficult times of the Empire politically and economically, Istanbul Archaeological Museum (IAM) was the first museum of the Ottoman Empire. As an imperial museum, IAM had different connotations for the West and the public, implying sovereignty of the state over the historical artifacts in its territory as well as underscoring ‘being modern’ through the collections. As the state’s policy, regarding economic and political issues, both domestic and international changed, so did the collection and regulations of the museum. With the ending era of Osman Hamdi Bey, the museum had taken its current form in respect of museum premises and strict regulations on historical artifacts which were going to be in practice for long time even after the end of the Empire, had been enacted. Therefore, the process between the establishment of IAM in a time when there was not even a well constituted policy on cultural issues and the ending of the era of Osman Hamdi Bey is aimed to be studied with references to the State’s practices in respect of historical artifacts and implementations on IAM, whereby the museum policies of the time are aimed to be propounded. After the millennium, modern Turkey, in efforts of harmonization process to the EU, has faced certain changes in the perception of the role of the state in culture area, which has been under the strict authority of the state. According to this, Turkey has adopted an approach, which suggests that the state should assume a regulative, not determinative, role in respect of culture policies. Upon the accession to power of AKP (Justice and Development Party), several amendments to the legal framework were introduced as well as the enactment of several new regulations. IAM has been experiencing some changes accordingly in administrative issues and a new approach to the museum’s policy has been adopted. In this context, initial and current role of the museum for the state and people aimed to be studied. IAM was officially founded as an imperial museum in 1869, as a part of the westernization efforts in the Ottoman Empire, which had been going through a disintegration period, in an era when interest in archaeology was at the height in Europe. Although the impetus lying beneath establishment of the museum was to protect the antiques within the Ottoman territory, the museum was more than just for the protection and the exhibition of the antiques. Moreover, having adapted museum, along with other Western institutions, the state was not only implying the modernity, but also proclaiming sovereignty over the antiques as a symbol of the power of the state, through the museum. On the other hand; even though the museum expressed sovereignty and modernity in respect of foreign policy concerns, it was not attributed with any social roles, unlike its contemporary peers. Although some parallels between the museum and education was apparent initially, the museum was not been welcomed by the Islami c population of the Empire, who were skeptical about everything related to Christianity. The bad practices, regarding economic and political issues which were enforced by the Western powers during Tanzimat era, had resulted national riots and class conflict within the Ottoman Territory. Thus, Muslim population had generated a dislike, as a reaction often resulting to reject everything related to the West. Moreover, people remained distant to the museum as they did not consider the Greco-Roman artifacts as a part of their identity. However, the public’s lack of interest in the museum cannot be explained solely by identity matters. In addition to that, the museum had not been publicized enough and the public had not much idea about the artifacts in the museum. As we can see from the newspapers of the time, such as Malumat dated 1899, the museum had been criticized for being close on Fridays , off day for students and workers, and admission fee (5 kurus) considered too expensive discouraging people to visit the museum. Apparently, the museum remained as a result of strong political will in an era of conflict between west and east was at its height. The Ottoman and Islamic artifacts, which had not been included to the collection of the museum in the early times, were added to the collection as of 1889, whereby the Islamic and Ottoman heritage and culture had been utilized as an instrument to integrate the Empire through the museum. However, Islamic artifacts were also declared to be considered as the state’s property in 1906. The development of the museum had been primarily dependent on the ideological backgrounds and concerns of the statesmen. When enlightened men were in office the museum improved. The term of office of Osman Hamdi Bey was breakthrough for the museum. The devoted efforts and commitment of Osman Hamdi Bey enabled the collection of the museum to expand in a short period of time and the museum became known worldwide as one of the leading museums of the time. It is seen that the importance of the museum and the museology studies was appreciated upon the proven consequence of the Osman Hamdi Bey’s efforts. The museum started to be attached importance for its collection artifacts beyond the political motives, and the history of humanity started to be studied through the artifacts to obtain knowledge about the history. Even though the significance represented was fairly appreciated by the state; the museology activities could not be performed to the desired extent due to the lack of ade quate budget and allowances. . Although the museum was established as a reflex to the smuggling of antiques outside the Ottoman territory, no substantial improvement had been achieved due to weakness of the laws, if not the implementations of the state in order to provide political gain due to long-lasting wars and economic difficulties. The protection regulations which were enacted in 1906, the successor of 1884 regulations of Osman Hamdi Bey, had remained the sole regulation of Turkey until 1973. Although the regulation were revised and updated as necessary, the prevention of smuggling is still the most important issue in the Minister’s agenda today. Currently, Turkey has been undergoing a regulatory transformation in numerous fields including the field of culture as a part of the process of harmonization with the EU norms. Therefore, the role of the government in cultural activities tends to be reduced progressively as the policies devoted to the provision of the cultural institutions with an autonomous structure are on the rise within the EU. In this context, the museums aim at being effective actors as the institutions operating in the culture sector characterized by the free market conditions. On the other hand, the museums also assume an important social mission; according to which, urbanization related social problems such as, increasing crime rate, alienation and isolation from society are associated with culture policy and aimed to be tackled through museums in order to attain positive social change. Thus, museums currently act as the very centers for the accomplishment of social transformation as they have historically b een doing since the 19th century. Throughout the harmonization process, the role and the significance of the state in the culture sector in Turkey has changed on the basis of the laws enacted as of 2004. According to the current legal framework; the state has assumed an encouraging role for the evaluation of the cultural properties to contribute to the national economy and rendering of culture accessible by all of the social segments. To this end, actions in cooperation with NGOs and the private sector has become a part of Turkey’s culture policies. Besides, social matters such as the strengthening of the social dialogue have been associated with the culture. Several practices on the matter have started to be exercised with IAM, and actions have started to be taken for the provision of IAM with a rather autonomous financial structure as the museum, now, aims at generating visitors through the pursuit of customer-oriented policies as its peers in the EU do. In this context, the museum aims at becoming a ‘soliciting, welcoming and entertaining’ museum. Focusing on museum services, IAM’s statement implies that its values are hospitality and confidence. According the emphasis given, IAM seems to position itself as an establishment of service, attaching the priority to hospitality, in order to generate visitors. IAM, sharing the same yard as Topkapi Palace, a museum visited by 2 million visitors a year, should indisputably be customer-oriented in order to gain share of visitors. However; IAM, which has one of the most precious field-specific collections in the world and has become even more important upon the addition of the Marmaray foundlings to its collection, cannot properly communicate its holding to its target audience. According to the museum’s development plan, the museum professionals call people to communicate the ‘museum’ in order to create an idea about the ‘place’, yet do not mention a word about the significance of its collections. The said discourse leads to the considerations that IAM specifically avoids of putting its collections up on the wall in order to attract local visitors, who do not consider the museum’s collection ‘as a part of their identity’ and still perceive archaeology as an elitist discipline. Today, as in the past, collections are perceived as an expression of identity and Turkish people consider the collection of Topkapi Palace as a part of their identity, while the collection of IAM remains distant to them. Undoubtedly, IAM is a significant actor in the field culture in Turkey not only for its extremely valuable collection but also for being the first museum of the Ottoman Empire and therefore, it aims at attracting local visitors by putting emphasis to its strong links to Ottoman history, a rather familiar concept for Turkish people. The discovery of the Marmaray foundlings, which have literally changed the history of Istanbul and drawn the attention of all archaeologists worldwide to the city, is a historical turning point for IAM. Nonetheless, given the fact that the most highlighted artifacts are considered as the most important ones; it would be safe to claim that the museum does not deem the Marmaray foundlings as most favorite items of its collection. Unlike its contemporary peers with similar collections in the EU, the museum does not seem to have rather socio-cultural concerns such as raising awareness for being a fellow local of Istanbul through the information of a greater mass of people on the history of the city by means of the collection and creating a platform for the discussion of the very issues of Istanbul. Despite the differences in the experience with the EU; in today’s conjuncture, the social policy issues stand at the heart of cultural policy and museums are the very places to actualize social change for the good of the society. Museums have been drawn into the center of the culture policies as a tool to form a participative community and raise the level of cohesiveness through their collections. It’s through community oriented policies that museums generate visitors and touch people’s lives. Therefore, even though IAM may manage to increase the number of its visitors through customer oriented policies, it still requires pursuing community oriented policies in order to get closer to the people. Research Papers on Initial and Current Museum Policies of Istanbul Archaeology MuseumBringing Democracy to AfricaHip-Hop is ArtAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2PETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoDefinition of Export Quotas

Web Journalism - How Journalism is Adapting to the Web

Web Journalism - How Journalism is Adapting to the Web With the decline of newspapers, theres been a lot of talk about web journalism being the future of the news business. But what exactly do we mean by web journalism? Web journalism actually encompasses a whole range of different kinds of sites, including: Newspaper Websites Websites run by newspapers are basically extensions of the papers themselves. As such, they can provide a wide range of articles in a variety of areas - news, sports, business, the arts, etc. - written by their staff of professional reporters. In some cases, newspapers shut down their printing presses but continue to operate their websites. Often, however, when the presses stop running the news staff is gutted, leaving only a bare-bones newsroom behind. Independent News Websites These sites, often found in larger cities, tend to specialize in hard-news coverage of municipal government, city agencies, law enforcement, and schools. Some of them are known for their hard-hitting investigative reporting. Their content is typically produced by small staffs of full-time reporters and freelancers. Many such independent news sites are nonprofits funded by a mix of ad revenue and contributions from donors and foundations. Hyper-Local News Sites These sites specialize in coverage of small, specific communities, right down to the individual neighborhood. As the name implies, the coverage tends to focus on extremely localized events: the police blotter, the agenda of the town board meeting, the performance of a school play. Hyper-local sites can be independent or run by newspapers as extensions of their websites. Their content is typically produced by local freelance writers and bloggers. Citizen Journalism Sites Citizen journalism sites run a wide gamut. Some are basically just online platforms where people can post video reports or pictures on virtually any subject. Others focus on a specific geographic area and provide more targeted specific coverage. Content for citizen journalism sites is usually provided by a loose affiliation of writers, bloggers and video reporters with varying degrees of journalism experience. Some citizen journalism sites are edited; others are not. Blogs Blogs are known primarily for being platforms for delivering opinion and commentary, but many actually do real reporting as well. Bloggers have varying degrees of journalism experience.

Research information analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research information analysis - Essay Example The health diet that is used to treat diabetes is manly made up of the sugar free foods and drinks. Therefore, to understand the treatment of diabetes, through the application of health diets, then undertaking a study regarding the sugar free foods and drinks becomes necessary, which is the basis of this study. The importance of undertaking this research is to understand sugar free food and drinks, regarding how they can be applied as health diet for the treatment of diabetes, overweight and obesity. The research also seeks to help the manufacturers understand the market available for the sugar free products, in that, through a clear understanding of the market, then, they will target this market in producing their products, by availing those products that perfectly suits their target market. Sugar free foods and drinks have most of the sugar substance in foods, sucrose, replaced with other sugar substitutes. This way, the sugar free food s and drinks are deemed appropriate not only for their use as health diet for the treatment of diabetes, but also for their role is assisting weight loss and reducing chances of obesity (Metcalfe, 2007 p18). The difference between the foods and drinks suitable for the treatment of diabetes and the normal foods is in the fact that, these food stuffs should be low in energy content, consists of carbohydrates that are easily absorbed and have a higher fructose content, than is necessary for the normal foods (Blades, 1993 p6). Thus, the observed increase in the trends of preference and consumption of sugar free foods and drinks have emanated from the concern for the role of sugar in causing diabetes, overweight and obesity. According to the theory of consumer behavior, consumers follow a given process in making purchase decisions. They perceive the need for a product, evaluates available information, in this case, such as the pro and cons of sugar free foods, and their relationship to diabetes and weight

TAXATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

TAXATION - Essay Example Furthermore, the nature in which we tax savings can be used to explain the difference between individual taxation and corporate taxation and this is because the behavior differences between these forms of entities can clearly be stated. Still, savings realized due to taxation has an influence overall amounts of savings in the economy; in addition, how these savings are spread helps in explaining wealth distribution. This is because the amount of investments depends on the amounts of savings and by extent it is through investments that we are able to create wealth. Lastly, the manner in which taxation is done will determine an individual’s decisions on the amounts to save and the extent to which they are able to take risks while spreading their savings on assets (Angelopoulos & Malley 2010). Looking at taxation on savings in UK currently, we will take the approach of reviewing the taxation of; income tax, the NICs, and the capital gains tax. There is a complexity and unfairness on taxation of these forms of incomes; for instance, owner occupied housing, cash and shares held in ISAs savings are out of the taxation bracket. Therefore such forms of incomes are not taxed on returns as well as withdrawal. This form of treatment is not applicable in case of ISAs making the TEE treatment only available for investments in equity as opposed to savings in cash. The current system also provides a very in the taxation of pensions, here, savings is within the incomes that is subject to taxation. In addition, fund income is as well not subjected to taxation though withdrawals are taxed (Ainslie 2005). This is called the EET regime and it favors pensions since the taxation of pensions under it would consistently yield a zero as a normal return to savings. The pension saving is also su bsidized since 25% of the fund can be withdrawn without being taxed if the withdrawal is in lump sum. The pension contributions by the employers are also subsidized and tax favored, as they are

IT Project Implementation Failures Essay Example for Free

IT Project Implementation Failures Essay Subsequent to a health care organization acquiring a new information system, is the system implementation process, the third of four stages in the systems development lifecycle. A significant amount of support and dedication is needed from senior executives and should take precedence within the organization. Adequate resources should be available to all individuals involved in the execution of the new system. User training, installing new networks, converting data, new procedures, and various other changes must be properly coordinated to avoid political, cultural and behavioral issues (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2009, Chapter 6, System Acquisition). Selecting an implementation team and appointing a system champion for the team is vital to an organizations success. These individuals plan, coordinate, budget and manage every phase of a new IT system implementation (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2009, Chapter 6, System Acquisition). The configuration of the team are different levels of the organizations workforce, for example; CIO, Physician, Radiology Director, Nurse, Business, and Lab Managers. A system champion views the IT system as a way to provide better patient care, is well respected within the organization, assumes the leadership role, and will be an advocate for the information system (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2009, Chapter 6, System Acquisition). Determine project scope and expectations are the implementation team’s first order of business. Reviewing the system goals, which were outlined in the system selection process, will give the team a better understanding of the organizations expectations with the information system (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2009, Chapter 6, System Acquisition). Meeting with senior health care executives to discuss relevant overall strategic goals and dedication to the new development. The organization has appointed  an implementation team and champion; objectives and achievements have been set; the last step is to establish and institute a project plan. The plan should be detailed and include: Target dates Time of each activity Milestones Budget and resources Major activities Responsibilities/dependencies (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2009, Chapter 6, System Acquisition). Components of the Implementation Plan: Workflow and process analysis System installation Staff Training Conversion Communications Prep for Go-Live Date (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2009, Chapter 6, System Acquisition). According to Wager, Lee, and Burns (2009), only 35% of new IT projects are successful (Chapter 14 Managements Role in Major IT Initiatives), 46% delivered useful product, but did not meet timeline goals, went well over budget, and had system and user issues. The percentage of failed IT systems 19%. Strategy and implementation failures are at the forefront of the collapse (Wager, Lee, Burns, 2009, Chapter 14 Managements Role in Major IT Initiatives). There are numerous ways a heath care organization and the professionals encumber IT projects; Lack of clarity and purpose, inadequate leadership support, organizational baggage, lack of dedication, project complexity, and disinterest (Wager, Lee, Burns, 2009, Chapter 14 Managements Role in Major IT Initiatives). The majority of system implementation failures can be impugned upon management action or lack of. To limit the risk of failure, executives need to be clear about objectives, communicate often, eliminate disruptions, welcome debate, stay away from extra unwanted issues, and keep in mind no one is perfect and mistakes will happen (Wager, Lee, Burns, 2009, Chapter 14 Managements Role in Major IT Initiatives). When implementation teams and lead executives fail to follow  project plans or mismanage activities, the outcome is dissatisfied users, monetary suicide, and information system sabotage. Honesty, compassion for the project, and clear communication will keep the implementation process on track for success. The outcome for the organization is better patient care, higher revenue, and fewer errors with medications and prescriptions. Organizations will need time, dedication, patience and planning when implementing a new information system. References Wager, K.A., Lee, F.W., Glaser, J.P. (2009). Health Care Information Systems. A Practical Approach for Health Care Management (2nd ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database

Dylan Thomas style in Under Milk Wood. Essay -- English Literature

Dylan Thomas' style in Under Milk Wood. Dylan Thomas was born in 1914 and lived for many years in a small Welsh town called Laugharne. He could speak not a single word of Welsh. The piece called 'Under Milk Wood' was finished just short of a month before he passed away. It was commissioned by the BBC to be broadcasted on the National radio. This meant that it was broadcasted with no costumes, no props and no visual imagery to excite the audience. Dylan Thomas' radio play had to entertain the audience by the spoken word only. The style and language in Under Milk Wood is therefore very important. Under Milk Wood uses throughout the play an opaque and poetic style giving the listener an impression of fluency and flowing. We propose to contrast this style with others that are used in Under Milk Wood. The first style in Under Milk Wood is an opaque poetic style, which Thomas uses to perfection; it is used to describe the strange and unusual inhabitants of Llareggub and their day-to-day activities. There are many different techniques that are used that help build up an atmosphere that is normally created through the use of actors and costumes but as Under Milk Wood was broadcasted and not meant to be performed upon a stage with an audience. One way to introduce an atmosphere is to bring songs into the play as a sombre song will make a sombre mood. Dylan Thomas uses songs through out the play to reflect on the atmosphere, a song such as Tom, Dick and Harry produces emotions "O Tom, Dick & Harry were three fine men" the whole song is very sombre and is a technique that wasn't used in very many plays. It is very effective and the songs are repeated again numerous times throughout the play this use of familiar ... ...uteous". The rhythm of the poem is also too regular, which creates boredom far apart from the poetic technique that Dylan Thomas employs. Dylan Thomas shows that he is capable of writing in a good number of different styles and proves that he is able to recreate the atmosphere although he is not able to use the devises of a stage performance. He is able to recreate this through his mastery of the English language mastering metaphors, similes and transferred Epithets. Dylan Thomas shows in Under Milk Wood that he is Able to write in the opaque poetic style but is also able to contrast this with other popular styles. The poetic devises that Dylan Thomas does use can sometimes be described as strange and opaque it's quite similar to the device employed by poets but it does do the job and is very affective at attaining the reader's attention and keeping it. Dylan Thomas' style in Under Milk Wood. Essay -- English Literature Dylan Thomas' style in Under Milk Wood. Dylan Thomas was born in 1914 and lived for many years in a small Welsh town called Laugharne. He could speak not a single word of Welsh. The piece called 'Under Milk Wood' was finished just short of a month before he passed away. It was commissioned by the BBC to be broadcasted on the National radio. This meant that it was broadcasted with no costumes, no props and no visual imagery to excite the audience. Dylan Thomas' radio play had to entertain the audience by the spoken word only. The style and language in Under Milk Wood is therefore very important. Under Milk Wood uses throughout the play an opaque and poetic style giving the listener an impression of fluency and flowing. We propose to contrast this style with others that are used in Under Milk Wood. The first style in Under Milk Wood is an opaque poetic style, which Thomas uses to perfection; it is used to describe the strange and unusual inhabitants of Llareggub and their day-to-day activities. There are many different techniques that are used that help build up an atmosphere that is normally created through the use of actors and costumes but as Under Milk Wood was broadcasted and not meant to be performed upon a stage with an audience. One way to introduce an atmosphere is to bring songs into the play as a sombre song will make a sombre mood. Dylan Thomas uses songs through out the play to reflect on the atmosphere, a song such as Tom, Dick and Harry produces emotions "O Tom, Dick & Harry were three fine men" the whole song is very sombre and is a technique that wasn't used in very many plays. It is very effective and the songs are repeated again numerous times throughout the play this use of familiar ... ...uteous". The rhythm of the poem is also too regular, which creates boredom far apart from the poetic technique that Dylan Thomas employs. Dylan Thomas shows that he is capable of writing in a good number of different styles and proves that he is able to recreate the atmosphere although he is not able to use the devises of a stage performance. He is able to recreate this through his mastery of the English language mastering metaphors, similes and transferred Epithets. Dylan Thomas shows in Under Milk Wood that he is Able to write in the opaque poetic style but is also able to contrast this with other popular styles. The poetic devises that Dylan Thomas does use can sometimes be described as strange and opaque it's quite similar to the device employed by poets but it does do the job and is very affective at attaining the reader's attention and keeping it.

Engaging Strategy Essay

Introduction This paper will focus on constructing a strategy to engage and build rapport with a particular client on the provided vignette. The task is to navigate through obstacles that may arise that are unique to his characteristics including lack of information and limited research. To overcome these barriers of building rapport, the clinician must identify the client’s strengths and struggles as well as research scholarly literature on the client’s characteristics that are significantly different than the clinician’s to engage with and benefit the client’s session. Major Obstacles The major obstacles engaging with this particular client is the apparent lack of research on approaching a gay client with cultural competency, especially individuals who are intersected with other minority groups, in this case being Jewish as well as an older adult. According to Eubank-Carter, Curckell, and Goldfried (2005), as of 2003, only 54% of LGB-related articles have been based on empirical research and even less research addressing LGB people of color at a mere 12%. The lack of research on the client’s identity as a gay male poses as an obstacle as the clinician is a straight female, forming a barrier into building rapport on the basis of showing empathy and being relatable. According to Hepworth, Rooney, Rooney, Strom-Gottfried, and Larsen (2013), building rapport with a client enables clients to gain trust in the helpful intent and goodwill of the social worker†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and further emphasizes, â€Å"cultural factors and language  differences compound potenti al barriers to rapport even further (pg. 47). The multiple cultural differences between the clinician and client acts as a barrier to building rapport as well as connecting the client with connection to resources to fulfill his request. Adding to the lack of research on the client’s sexual orientation, he also identifies as a Jewish American, which may be a sensitive topic in building rapport, because it is unknown if he identifies ethnically, religiously, both or none. According to Faulkner &Hecht (2010), for Jewish-American LGBTQ individuals, a significant issue that has been identified relates to the disclosure of their intersectional identity being a â€Å"twin threats of negative attitudes toward LGBTQ individuals and anti-Semitism† in which negative stigma towards LGBTQ identity was reinforced in Judaism, leaving those identifying as gay to conceal their sexual orientation and emphasizing their Jewish identity to avoid threats (Introduction section, pg. 830). This poses the delicate question of where the clie nt has a support system, as upon first impression, it will appear blurred. Finally regarding the supervisor’s concern of the client being in an Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) relationship with his partner, the lack of research on same-sex couples, specifically males, issues that may become an obstacle include the clinician subconsciously viewing the issue through a heterocentric lens. Not only is research lacking on LGBTQ in general, especially with IPV, there is lack of training on how to approach cliental for clinicians who were brought up in a heterocentric majority society. This is not surprising as out of a study of 108 clinical and counseling graduate students, the majority stated they felt unprepared to work with LGBTQ clients (Eubank-Carter et al 2005, pg. 2) (check citation). Although resources are available for LGBTQ clients to be self sufficient, because of these issues mentioned above, they are limited. Countertransference With this client, I struggled with countertransference in terms of past experience and projective identification. This is not my first encounter with an older, gay client applying for low-income housing and the past client sadly faced discrimination by those running and living in the facilities. I am also aware although 22 states have passed laws prohibiting  discrimination against sexual orientation in private or public housing, those who hold authority in these areas can refuse services to LGBTQ clients without legal reasoning (Hillman 2014, pg. 272). The past client faced this situation and this knowledge could affect my ability to not give an attitude that Joseph will automatically face the same result, thus affecting my ability to develop a proper relationship as clinician and client. Although this is a secondary concern to suspicion of IPV that takes priority, it is still relevant as it maybe revisited later, thus creating another obstacle to building rapport. Scholarly Liter ature Eubanks-Carter, Burckell & Goldfried’s article (2005) worked as a general guidebook for the clinician. It emphasized, â€Å"Our LGB clients are not only gay, lesbian and bisexual men and women; they are members of families, professions, and communities. Our goal is to affirm not only their sexual orientation, but their entire identity† (Eubanks-Carter et al, 2005, pg. 9). This was a reminder to learn to be culturally competent towards the client for more than just his sexual orientation, but as a whole with his other intersectional identities. Hillmans’ article (2014) covered the perspective of working with the client through the lens that he is gay and an older adult in his 70s. One important concept is point out that he grew up in an era where homosexuality in American was highly discriminated. According to Hillman (2014), the 1950s were a time when President Eisenhower issued 1953’s Executive Order #10450 ordering â€Å"homosexuals to be fired from government jobs† and McCarthy in 1954 included homosexuals in the group of â€Å"subversive elements†, (Historical and Cohort Effects, pg. 270). The client may still have negative feelings regarding homophobia from the past, thus it is imperative for the clinician to remain vigilant of her attitude and countertransference. Seelau & Seelau’s article (2005) gave insight as to why the client, if involved in an IPV relationship, maybe reluctant to report. According to research, â€Å"police are reportedly less likely to intervene in domestic violence cases that involve gay or lesbian couples, perhaps due to sexual prejudice (i.e., homophobia) or gender role-stereotypes that women cannot be  abusers and men cannot be abused (Seelau et al, 2005, pg. 364). It is important for the clinician to keep note of this fact as the client may have distrust for law enforcement, thus keeping the abuse a secret.

Freezing Out Profits

Freezing out profits Synopsis Freezing out profits is an article that discussing on one company which is Cold Cuts Ltd (CC). The managing director for this company is Mr. Dali. It produces Singapore’s only refrigeration parts and specializing in it. He is the one that is responsible for all the decision making that need to be done in the company. CC was essentially a subcontractor of components for customers who were original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). This company not only faced competition from supplier that supply same product, but it was also on whether the customer should manufacture in-house on their own.The company developed its own product of refrigeration process technology known as Fuzzy Frost. Their product of Fuzzy Frost was exported worldwide. Two years ago, the company had a major development related to their product. They upgrade Fuzzy Frost to become Fuzzy Frost Alpha System which will enhance features in the refrigerator. One of the enhancements is, it wi ll enable perishable items to be stored far longer than conventional fridges. At the same time on the FFA product discover, the company open its second factory in China which product old Fuzzy Frost.CC had main customer in Singapore which known as Secconz which is a local customer and long-time partner. The Supplier Manager of Secconz is Mr. Nelly where in China; the Plant Manager is Mr. Rithisak. The company export their product worldwide include Europe country. There are two major problems that were faced by the company. Firstly, the problem is in term of the pricing in Singapore, with their long-time partner, Secconz. Secondly, it is the investigation on their export activities by United States International Trade Commission on their products in China.Decision Maker / Protagonist The decision maker or protagonist for this case on ‘Freezing out profit’ is Mr. Dali. He is the one that is responsible for the decision making done in the company. This is because; he is ma naging director for Cold Cuts Ltd. He will decide what to be done and what to not be done. Based on this case study, he needs to make big decision making. Firstly is related to their major customer in Singapore, Secconz. Secondly is related to their company in China related to the anti-dumping things.Problem faced by the decision maker / protagonist. The problem faced by the decision maker or protagonist in this case is related to the pricing of the products that were sold whether in Singapore or in China. Mr. Dali need to decide whether to reduce the premium price charged to Secconz or proceed taking the huge amount of profit because they already achieve payback on its investment in the new machinery within two years. He is also faced problem related to the anti-dumping law in China. Major Issue The major issues in this case study is between Cold Cuts Ltd. nd Secconz. Secconz is their major customer in Singapore. Secconz has requesting for the price reduction of FFA product. This i s because; CC still charged the same price after 2 years even though the investment in the new machinery on FFA component has already been recover. Despite of better quality FFA components and not burden by any overhead costs, Secconz still experience the huge margin from the sales price impose to them compared to sales price in Europe and USA. The supply manager from Secconz, Mr. Nelly asked for price reduction.He said that company may produce the technology by themselves if Mr. Dali did not want to reduce the price of FFA. Second major issues are related to the anti-dumping activities by China related to their product that produces over there. It was said that CC pricing products much lower than the fair value. It leads to the investigation made by the United States International Trade Commission whether to find CC was guilty or not. The effects are they might have to close down their business in China or levy with huge anti-dumping tax.

Ethiopian Economy essay

Ethiopian Economy essay Ethiopian Economy essay Ethiopian Economy essayEthiopia is one of the fastest growing economies in Africa and the world. At the same time, the current level of the economic development of Ethiopia is still far from the level of well-developed countries, such as the EU, the US and others. On the other hand, Ethiopia has a considerable potential and the current economic growth of the country reveals the fact that Ethiopia can become one of the regional leaders, while human resources, with a large share of young people in the total population, make the potential of Ethiopia even greater. However, Ethiopia should use its actual potential and overcome existing problems which often refer not only to the economic but also to the political domain (Marcus, 2002). The democratization of the country has had a positive impact on its economic development and revival of business activities. At the moment, the country is still in the difficult economic position because of its economic and technological backwardness mainly as well as remoteness from financial and economic centers of the world, but the fast economic growth allows Ethiopia to close the gap between its economy and economy of well-developed countries or, at least, of emerging economies in a long-run perspective.Background of Ethiopian economy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Colonial past of Ethiopia and its impact on its economic development is still very significant. In economic terms, the impact of the colonial past of Ethiopia can be traced through the strong impact of European capital and companies on Ethiopian businesses and economy at large. For instance, Ethiopia is still dependent on European technology and capital. This is why Ethiopians view Europe as the place, where they prefer to obtain their higher education. At the same time, the persisting, strong impact of foreign companies puts local businesses in the disadvantaged position and slows down the economic development (Teferra Altbach, 2003). This is why, at the moment, the government atte mpts to stimulate business activities in Ethiopia and attract foreign direct investments to enhance the economic growth of Ethiopia and ensure the economic growth in a long-run perspective.Ethiopia experienced the same colonial past as other African countries. The liberation of Ethiopia brought not only new opportunities for the economic growth but also and mainly new conflicts and struggle for power. The political struggle has had a negative impact on the economic development of the country. One of the major events in the post-colonial history of Ethiopia was the establishment of the pro-Soviet, communist government. As a result, the pro-communist government conducted specific economic policies which resulted in the nationalization of the major sectors and industries of Ethiopian economy. Consequences of such policies and nationalization are still relevant today.However, the recent democratization contributed to the fast and steady economic growth. At the moment, the government of Ethiopia attempts to enhance open market economy principles and stimulates fair competition to make the economic growth of Ethiopia long run. Reforms conducted by Ethiopian government have had a positive macroeconomic effect, but some problems, such as corruption, technological backwardness, and other problems persist.GDP growthAt the moment, Ethiopia is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. At the same time, the fast economic growth now is, to a significant extent, the result of a considerable downturn in the economic development of Ethiopia in the past. However, the economic growth reveals the positive trend in the development of Ethiopian economy. The government has managed to cope with major macroeconomic issues, such as slow GDP growth and high inflation rates.The growth of the economy allows Ethiopia to increase the quality of life but Ethiopia still faces the problem of the fair redistribution of the national wealth. For example, about 85% of the total population of Ethiopia works in agriculture which comprises about a half of the total export of the country but still the overwhelming majority of Ethiopian farmers are living in poverty or next to poverty conditions (Mauri, 2010). In fact, the economic disparity of the ruling elite, which comprises just a minor part of the society, and the rest of the society, which comprises the overwhelming majority of the population, is enormous. One of the reasons for such disparity is the high level of corruption and the limited access of the larger part of the population to economic benefits and redistribution of the national wealth.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Labor force as the ground for the economic growth of Ethiopia in the futureAbout a half of the total population of Ethiopia are people under the age of 18. Therefore, the large part of the population is young that means that Ethiopian labor market has a considerable potential for the growth since all young people, who are under 18 now, will become economica lly active soon and start working or launch their businesses.At the moment, the economic potential of Ethiopia is enormous because the large part of the younger population in the total population of the country means that the larger part of the population is economically active that creates conditions for the stable economic growth. The creation of new jobs will involve the growth of business activities, while the large number of tax payers will stimulate the government to conduct efficient economic policies in public sectors of the economy, which still comprise a large share in the total economy of the country.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Private vs public sectorIn the past, the government control Ethiopian economy, while now the process of privatization contributes to the fast growth of the private sector. The government control over the economy of Ethiopia resulted to its decline and profound crisis, while privatization stimulated the optimization of businesses and improvement of the perform ance of organizations and companies which used to be in the public sector (Henze, 2005). At the same time, the transition from the public to private sector dominated economic structure was accompanied by profound changes. The change of ownership required consistent changes in the development of the fiscal policy and system of the country. Taking into consideration that the financial sector of Ethiopian economy still remains under the government control, the economic development of Ethiopia cannot be viewed as driven by private sector alone because banks and banking industry can influence consistently the economic development, while decisions taken by banks depend on the government policies because the financial sector remains in the public ownership.  Ethiopian Economy essay part 2

How to Correctly Use German Adverb Auch

How to Correctly Use German Adverb Auch Sometimes the littlest words can have a big meaning. Take the German adverb auch. In its simplest form, this word means also. But it also (get it?) holds greater significance.   Auch can mean even. It can also be a modal particle and imply anything from I hope to Youre sure. Heres a closer look at the power behind this common, little adverb.   When Auch Is Accentuated This type of auch relates to the subject of the sentence and will usually be in front of a verbal group. Its meaning is also. For example:   Mein Sohn will jetzt auch Klavier studieren. My son now also wants to study piano. Meine Oma isst gerne Bockwurst und auch Bratwurst.My grandmother likes to eat Bockwurst and Bratwurst, as well. When Auch Is Not Accentuated This type of  auch bears directly upon the elements of phrase that follow it. It usually means even. For example:   Auch fà ¼r einen fleißigen Schà ¼ler, war dies eine große Hausaufgabe.Even for a hard working student, this was a lot of homework. ï » ¿Ihr kann auch kein Arzt helfen.Not even a doctor can help her. Take note that in the above sentences, the unaccented auch draws attention toward an accented word: fleißigen or Arzt, respectively. Auch Can Express Mood An unaccented auch can also be used to indicate the mood of the speaker. In such cases, you will find  auch to help underline the speaker’s irritation or reassurance. For example:   Du kannst auch nie still sein!You can never be still, can you? Hast du deine Brieftasche auch nicht vergessen?I hope you didn’t forget your wallet. Context Is Everything Consider the following two dialogues and the meaning implied by the context. Sprecher 1: Die Freunde deines Sohnes kà ¶nnen gut schwimmen.  / Your son’s friends can swim really well. Sprecher 2: Mein Sohn ist auch ein guter Schwimmer.  / My son is also a good swimmer.Sprecher 1: Mein Sohn treibt gerne Basketball und Fußball. Er ist auch ein guter Schwimmer.  / My son loves playing basketball and soccer. He is also a good swimmer. Sprecher 2: Ihr Sohn ist sehr sportlich. / Your son is very athletic. As you can see, in both dialogues, the phrases with auch are practically the same, yet a different meaning is implied. Tone and context mean everything. In the first case, auch is accented and serves the subject of the sentence:  Sohn. In the second case, auch is unaccented and the emphasis is in on guter Schwimmer, implying that the son is, among other things, also good at swimming.

CASE 11.2 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

11.2 - Case Study Example It is therefore evident that any acne patient who comes across proactiv and gets to see the results is more than thankful for the product. Using infomercials was the best decision for the marketing of proactiv for various reasons as Dr. Rodan and Dr. Kathy came to understand. First, Acne was an embarrassing issue therefore selling the product openly would not produce positive results, as patient turnout would be very low. Second, people need to be educated on how to treat their acne something that could not just work in a 30-60 second advert. Thirdly, infomercial audience was a good target as it consisted of women between their 20s to their 40s who would do anything to get rid of the acne problem therefore providing a good market segment. Through infomercials, the product has the opportunity to air testimonials from people who have experienced positive results. It is clear that Rodan and Kathy were ready to throw in the towel after unsuccessfully seeking for investment capital with no success. The deal with Guthy-Renker was their key to success and if it had not happened then proactive would have had very low chances of existing in the market today. Infomercials were a better choice for Proactiv than print and media advertising because it was necessary to educate people on the product rather than just advertise (Agree and Martin). Infomercials offered more time to make this possible as compared to advertising through media and print where not many people would pay attention and most probably would assume it not to work as the ones already in the market. Proactiv’s positioning strategy has made it to be a success in the market as these strategies were able to distinguish it from the other products that were already in the market. Categorizing their product under skin care product rather than acne products enabled them to tap into a more attractive and larger market share. Coming up with the name Proactiv also played a major role for the product