Global Marketing, Foreign Markets and Strategies for Successful Entry Assignment - 1

Worldwide Marketing, Foreign Markets and Strategies for Successful Entry - Assignment Example At the point when examined through GE Matrix, both Egypt and Russia introduced markets that would be profoundly alluring invigorated the vehicle of Bats Bank as a specialty unit. While Egypt is the holder of the glad inheritance of a former sublime human progress, the current state of the nation isn't so radiant and its primary significance in world business and industry is in its guardianship of Suez Canal. In any case, the positive part of the Egyptian economy is its steady horticulture and an enormous convergence of populace along the two sides of the Nile River that essentially cuts up the nation. Be that as it may, the significant levels of open obligation leave almost no open door for Egyptian Government to put huge sums in industry. Thus, the extent of different lenders entering the market is fairly ruddy. Also, this is genuine regardless of the current political disturbance that the country is experiencing. Russia has at long last had the option to come out of the injury of breaking down of the Soviet Union and its loss of worldwide superpower status. The free market instrument has bit by bit taken a strong grasp on Russian economy directly from the coming of Perestroika 10 years and a half back and the political and financial steadiness of the nation presents an extremely appealing open door for working together there. Likewise, there is a shortage of account in the market and budgetary administrations organizations could do very well to overcome this issue. Any organization entering Russian markets must take extraordinary consideration not to abuse the legal necessities of working together in that nation as any infringement of neighborhood laws for the most part prompts the model punishment. Globalization has become the standard of today’s industry and trade. Business substances are thinking that its basic that so as to endure and thrive in this period of merciless rivalry; they should cross national limits and imprint their quality in outside business sectors (Kay 1995). Outside business sectors, through a fortune trove of chances, likewise present numerous issues and issues that should be comprehended in a novel way as business situations in these remote shores need not be indistinguishable from those predominant in the motherland.

Diploma in Business Management Formal Management

Question: Talk about the Case Study for Diploma in Business Management of Formal Management. Answer: 1: Premise of Distinction Formal gathering Casual gathering Semi formal gathering Definition A proper gathering is a pre-arranged occasion that remembers a gathering between people for a particular way, adhering to the particular principles and guidelines to accomplish a predefined objectives and destinations. A casual gathering is definitely not an arranged gathering and does and is progressively easygoing in nature. A semi formal gathering could infer a social affair or an easygoing gathering that can happen at working environment for talking about administrative issues. Formal Agenda A conventional gathering will have a proper motivation. A casual may have a plan yet not a proper motivation A semi formal gathering may have a proper motivation or probably won't have a conventional plan Executive Meeting A conventional gathering incorporates executive gathering. A casual gathering doesn't include executive gatherings. A semi formal gathering does exclude executive gatherings Opportunity of thought There is no opportunity of thought in a proper gathering There is finished opportunity of thought in a conventional gathering There may be limitation on the opportunity of musings in a semi-formal gathering. Formal prerequisites There are formal prerequisites in an executive gathering, which is joined by a motivation. There are no conventional prerequisites in a gathering. There could be formal or here could be no proper necessities in a semi formal gathering. Spot Formal gatherings are held in a proper area, which is chosen in advance. Casual gatherings can occur anyplace and in casual spots like coffeehouse or a café. Semi formal gathering doesn't require formal areas and spots. (b) Purpose of the gatherings Formal gatherings The motivation behind conventional gatherings is to examine a lot of foreordained targets and objectives that is planned to be talked about. The reason for these gatherings is to address a lot of destinations for an organization and settle on basic choices with respect to them. The reason for existing is to plan basic procedures with respect to the activities of the business. Formal gatherings are additionally led to build straightforwardness in the tasks and furthermore fix responsibility and obligations. These gatherings additionally permit essential conversations and counsels to be made with respect to activities and techniques in the organization. It is significant with the goal that the representatives of the organizations can comprehend the focal objectives and targets of the organization. This would make the workers mindful of their jobs and obligations in the associations. Casual gathering The motivation behind casual gathering is to talk about issues, which would not have been appropriate in a conventional issue. It intends to mix increasingly easygoing methodology in a gathering. These gatherings are held when more opportunity of contemplations and discourse is required from the speaker to talk about certain casual gatherings with respect to working environment. It gives the speaker some level of adaptability in regards to discourse and the subjects that can be talked about. Such gatherings mean to cause the speaker to feel more quiet contrasted with what it would have been in a conventional gathering. It assists with hearing the thoughts and perspectives on the speaker with greater clearness and straightforwardness. It assists with examining business thoughts and impart better in regards to undertakings of the business. It helps in transferring data inside an association. Semi-formal gathering Semi-formal gathering is proposed on examining basic issues of the organization however in a semi formal tone. Gatherings associated with a gathering The executive/director is engaged with a gathering. Director/executive is the individual who is accountable for leading a gathering and the organization. The administrator or director is the incomparable expert in a gathering. A secretary must be available in a gathering. A secretary is responsible for setting up letters and keeping accounts of meeting. A convener needs to go to these gatherings. A convener is an individual who arranges a gathering. Contingents need to go to these gatherings. Contingents allude to a gathering of individuals who speak to an association. Representatives must be available in a gathering. Agents are the individuals who speak to another gathering in a conversation. Mediators likewise must be available in a gathering. Mediators are vested with the duty of being responsible for individuals in gatherings and during conversations. Conversation bunches go to gatherings in a work environment to much of the time talk about on tasks and business ventures. 2. Distinction between comprehensive gathering and yearly regular gathering Premise of Distinction Comprehensive gathering Yearly General Meeting Recurrence Comprehensive gatherings can be hung regarding any matter and whenever. Yearly General Meeting is held once per year. Plan The plan for the regular gathering is nothing unique when contrasted with a yearly comprehensive gathering. Yearly General gathering has a preplanned and unique plan for the gathering Gatherings engaged with the gathering Regular gathering includes just the representatives and the administration of an organization. Yearly regular gathering includes all the partners of the organization. Need It isn't important to hold a regular gathering. It is held just on the off chance that it is fundamental for the matter of the organization. It is mandatory to hold a yearly regular gathering each budgetary year. 3. Meeting Requirements: Exclusive Company An exclusive organization isn't committed under law to hold any open gatherings. Thus, there are no particular gathering necessities of the organization. It is completely reliant on the proprietors and the plans of the proprietors. Open Company One of the gathering necessities of an open restricted organization is that the majority of the gatherings ought to be 33% of the complete quality of the gathering. An open restricted organization must hold a gathering inside a half year from the year end. Any administrator or chief can require a gathering out in the open restricted organization. The base number of days to give the notification for the gathering is 14 days and the most extreme number of days for the notification is 21 days. The notification must be submitted to an administrator and the endorsement of the chief must be incorporated. The chiefs can require a regular gathering at whatever point they think it is essential. The solicitation for the gathering must incorporate the idea of the business and the content of the goals. On the off chance that the gathering has a proposed goals, at that point it is significant goals is remembered for the notification also. The notification must incorporate the date, time and spot of the gathering. The notification must be sent to each part, chief and those speaking to the organization. Taking minutes of a gathering is a legitimate necessity of meeting. Recorded organization One of the significant prerequisites for holding gatherings of a recorded organization is that will be that it ought to be recorded on the stock trade. The notification of yearly regular gathering should be sent to the investors inside multi day preceding the gathering. 4. Terms Executive Executive is the main individual who manages a gathering. A director seats the gathering. Secretary A secretary is the watchman of a gathering who makes all the game plan and sorts out a gathering and keeps up all archives and minutes of a gathering. Treasurer An individual liable for taking consideration and keeping up the treasury of an association is known as the treasurer of the association. Abstention The demonstration of going without and holding back to cast a ballot against a movement or a proposition is called abstention. Deferment The demonstration of suspension or delay of a procedure is called deferment. Plan Plan alludes to a rundown of exercises that should be taken in a gathering in successive request. Movement Movement alludes to a proper advance, which is taken to introduce an issue for thought in a gathering. Making Choice Making choice alludes to the additional vote that is given by the director when the vote given by the gatherings with respect to a movement are equivalent. Intermediary An intermediary alludes to somebody who goes to a comprehensive gathering and decisions for the benefit of an individual from the organization. Postponed Postponed alludes to the individuals who are officially present for a conversation in a gathering. 5. Estimation of cost Points of interest Sum Room Hire $1,000 Providing food cost Morning Tea $2.50 Lunch $7 Evening Tea $2.50 Gear Hire: Overhead Projector $30 Electronic $20 Whiteboard Information projector $25 Complete Cost $1,087 6. Records required for a gathering While sorting out and dealing with a gathering, notice and plan are the reports that are required to direct a gathering. Notice Notice is the record that should be disseminated to the chiefs, executives, and all the individuals from the organization. It is a warning with respect to a gathering to all the individuals from the organization. It should express the name of the association. It ought to illuminate about the date, time and spot of the gathering. It should express the motivation behind the gathering. It ought to incorporate the mark of the secretary. It ought to be given to all the individuals from the organization. It ought to be given well ahead of time. Seven days notice must be given to hold formal gathering. Motivation Motivation alludes to a record that contains the rundown of things that should be examined in the gathering. It is a guide of the business. The rundown to be talked about in the gathering is chosen after counsel with the executive and subsequent to getting the endorsement with the director. Minutes Another archive that is required to be set up following a gathering is minutes. Minutes contain all the subtleties that happen in a gathering. The minutes remember subtleties of the conversations and procedures for a gathering. It incorporates all the perplexing subtleties of the gathering. The minutes should reveal insight into the name of the association, date, time, spot of the association, name of

Coping and Finding Support When a Family Member Has OCD

Coping and Finding Support When a Family Member Has OCD OCD Living With OCD Print Coping When a Family Member Has OCD By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 28, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 29, 2019 Deborah Cheramie/Getty Images More in OCD Living With OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Related Conditions As the family member of someone with OCD, it can be difficult to know how to act, what to say or how to cope. If you feel like youre tiptoeing around your loved one, here are some tips to help.   Get Informed It is essential that you learn as much as you can about OCD so that you are better able to understand the symptoms and suffering that your family member is experiencing. While there are a number of excellent books available, it may be helpful to ask your family member if you can join them for an appointment with their mental health professional. Meeting together can provide a way to get answers to any questions you might have. The Internet can also be a valuable source of information, but make sure you stick to reputable websites in which the content is reviewed and/or authored by medical experts. ?University-affiliated hospitals often have excellent resources for patients and their families as well. Get Involved Although many family members have the best of intentions, it is not uncommon for them to be enablers of the affected family member’s compulsions. For example, family members may help the OCD sufferer avoid the things they fear, which reduces anxiety. Knowing how CBT and exposure and response prevention treatment works and understanding that your family member’s anxiety must get worse before it gets better can be very helpful. Many health providers encourage family members to attend OCD therapy sessions and feel it is absolutely necessary to help treatment be successful. Get Support Don’t go it alone. OCD can be a frustrating illness, and it is essential that you surround yourself with people who understand what you are going through and are willing to listen when things get rough. Other family members, family support groups, and online communities can all be valuable sources of support. Get Help It can be difficult to cope with a family member’s OCD, especially if their symptoms are severe or have been going on for a long period of time. Over time, feeling overwhelmed can lead to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and ultimately depression. Put your psychological health first and check in with your family doctor or psychologist if you are feeling overwhelmed, depressed or anxious. You will be in the best position possible to help and support your family member if you make sure you are looking after your own mental health too. Be Honest Although it sounds simple, it can often be very difficult to talk openly and honestly to your family member about what you both are going through. The nature of their obsessions or compulsions may be embarrassing for them to discuss, or you may be afraid of hurting their feelings. Sometimes the OCD sufferer can feel selfish for even bringing up their own struggles. It is essential, however, to keep the lines of communication open and make sure no subject is off limits. Talking through difficult issues with an objective third party present such as a family doctor, psychiatrist, counselor, psychologist, nurse, or social worker can often take the pressure off.

African American Inventors - Names Beginning with H

Black history inventors are listed alphabetically: Each listing has the name of the black inventor followed by the patent number(s) which is the unique number assigned to an invention when a patent is issued, the date the patent was issued, and a description of the invention as written by the inventor. If available, links are provided to in-depth articles, biographies, illustrations and photos on each individual inventor or patent. How to submit to the database. G Haines to Harper, Harris to Hill, Hilyer to Hyde I James Henry Haines #590,833, 9/28/1897, Portable shampooing basin William Hale #1,563,278, 11/24/1925, Aeroplane#1,672,212, 6/5/1928, Motor vehicle Lloyd Augustus Hall #1,882,834, 10/18/1932, Asphalt emulsion and manufacture thereof#1,914,351, 6/13/1933, Protective coating, Enoch L.Griffith (co-inventor)#2,022,464, 11/26/1935, Vitamin concentrate,#2,097,405, 10/26/1937, Manufacture of bleached pepper products#2,107,697, 2/8/1938, Sterilizing foodstuffs, Carroll L. Griffith (co-inventor)#2,155,045, 4/18/1939, Inhibited detergent composition#2,189,949, 2/13/1940, Sterilizing colloid materials#2,251,334, 8/5/1941, Protein composition of matter#2,321,673, 6/15/1943, Yeast food#2,357,650, 9/5/1944, Puncture sealing composition and manufacture thereof#2,363,730, 11/28/1944, Manufacture of nitrogen-fortified whey concentrate#2,385,412, 9/25/1945, Capsicum-containing seasoning composition#2,414,299, 1/14/1947, Production of protein hydrolysate flavoring material#2,464,200, 3/15/1949, Manufacture of stable dry papain composition#2,464,927, 3/22/1949, Antioxidant#2,477,742, 8/2/1949, Gelatin-base coating for food and the like#2,493,288, 1/3/1950, Synergistic antioxidants and the methods of preparing the same#2,500,543, 3/14/1950, Antioxidant#2,511,802, 6/13/1950, Synergistic antioxidant#2,511,803, 7/13/1950, Antioxidant flakes#2,511,804, 7/13/1950, Antioxidant salt#2,518,233, 8/8/1950, Synergistic antioxidant containing amino acids#2,536,171, 1/2/1951, Production of protein hydrolysate#2,758,931, 8/14/1956, Antioxidant composition#2,770,551, 11/27/1956, Meat-curing salt composition#2,772,169, 11/13/1956, Antioxidant material and use of said material in treating meat#2,845,358, 7/29/1958, Method of preserving fresh frozen pork trimmings Virginia E Hall #4,016,314, 4/5/1977, Embroided fruit bowl wall hanging Julia Terry Hammonds #572,985, 12/15/1896, Apparatus for holding yarn skeins Felix Harding #614,468, 11/22/1898, Extension banquet table Michael C Harney #303,844, 8/19/1884, Lantern or lamp David Harper #D 187,654, 4/12/1960, Mobile utility rack#D 190,500, 6/6/1961, Bookcase Solomon Harper #1,772,002, 8/5/1930, Electrical hair treating implement#2,648,757, 8/11/1953, Thermostatic controlled hair curlers, combs, irons#2,711,095, 6/21/1955, Thermostatic controlled fur and material dressing equipment G Haines to Harper, Harris to Hill, Hilyer to Hyde I Betty W Harris #4,618,452, 10/21/1986, Spot test for 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, TATB Edward L Harris #2,756,129, 7/24/1956, Apparatus for handling corrosive acid substances Emmett Scott Harrison #3,606,971, 9/21/1971, Gas turbine air compressor and control therefor#4,242,865, 1/6/1981, Turbojet afterburner engine with two-position exhaust nozzle Jesse Harrison #1,844,036, 2/9/1932, Combination tooth brush and paste holder Joycelyn Harrison #7402264, July 22, 2008, Sensing/actuating materials made from carbon nanotube polymer composites and methods for making#7015624, March 21, 2006, Non-uniform thickness electroactive device#6867533, March 15, 2005, Membrane tension control#6724130, April 20, 2004, Membrane position control#6689288, February 10, 2004, Polymeric blends for sensor and actuation dual functionality#6545391, April 8, 2003, Polymer-polymer bilayer actuator#6515077, February 4, 2003, Electrostrictive graft elastomers#6734603, May 11, 2004. Thin layer composite unimorph ferroelectric driver and sensor#6379809, April 30, 2002, Thermally stable, piezoelectric and pyroelectric polymeric substrates and method relating theret#5909905, June 8, 1999, Method of making thermally stable, piezoelectric and proelectric polymeric substrates#5891581, April 6, 1999, Thermally stable, piezoelectric and pyroelectric polymeric substrates William D Harwell #4,664,344, 5/12/1987, Apparatus and method of capturing an orbiting spacecraft Joseph Hawkins #3,973, 3/26/1845, Gridiron Randall Hawkins #370,943, 10/4/1887, Harness attachment Roland C Hawkins US 7,150,638, 12/19/2006, Cover device and method for electrical connector, Co-inventor Carl Eric Fonville Walter Lincoln Hawkins #2,587,043, 3/26/1952, Preparation of 1,2 , Di-Primary amines#2,889,306, 6/2/1959, Stabilized straight-chain hydrocarbons#3,304,283, 2/14/1967, Stabilized alpha-mono-olefinic polymers Robert Hearns #598,929, 2/15/1898, Sealing attachment for bottles#628,003, 7/4/1899, Detachable car fender William Hearns #1,040,538, 10/08/1912, Device for removing and inserting taps and plugs in water mains Tony W Helm #2,760,358, 8/28/1956, Universal joint Henry Fairfax Henderson Jr #4,111,336, 9/5/1978, Weight loss control system Andre D. Henderson #5,603,078, 2/11/1997, Remote control device with credit card reading and transmission capabilities having multiple IR LEDs, (Co-inventors William H. Fuller, James M. Rotenberry) Henry Aaron Hill #2,988,545, 6/13/1961, Curing furfuryl-alcohol-modified urea formaldehyde condensates#3,141,002, 7/14/1964, Foamable composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer and barium azocarbonate and method of foaming#3,297,611, 1/10/1967, Manufacture of azodicarbonamide G Haines to Harper, Harris to Hill, Hilyer to Hyde I Andrew F Hilyer #435,095, 18/26/1890, Evaporator for hot air registers#438,159, 0/14/1890, Water evaporator attachment for hot air registers Samuel J Hines #1,137,971, 5/4/1915, Life preserver #1,911,278, 5/30/1933, Lawn mower John E Hodge #2,936,308, 5/10/1960, Novel reductones and methods of making them#2,996,449, 8/15/1961, Glucose-amine sequestrants#4,146,650, 3/27/1979, Substituted benzodioxan sweetening compound Elijah H Holmes #549,513 12/12/1895 Gage Lydia M Holmes #2,529,692 12/14/1950 Knockdown wheeled toy Harry C Hopkins #4,704,570 11/3/1987 Power controller June B Horne #4,498,557, 2/12/1985 Emergency escape apparatus and method of using same Darnley E Howard #2,145,116, 1/24/1939, Optical apparatus for indicating the position of a tool Darnley Moseley Howard #3,451,127, 6/24/1969, Method of making radome with an integral antenna Isaiah D Hughes #687,312, 11/26/1901, Combined excavator and elevator Wilson E Hull #3,286,064, 11/15/1966, Mass release mechanism for satellites#3,424,403, 1/28/1969, Sublimination timing switch John W Hunter #570,553, 11/03/1896, Portable weighing scale James E Huntley #3,880,255, 4/29/1975, Emergency fire escape mechanism Robert N Hyde #392,205, 11/6/1888, Composition for cleaning and preserving carpets Continue black history database I

What is Breast Cancer What is the Cause of it - 1328 Words

What is Breast Cancer? What is the Cause of it? Breast cancer is cancer cells that develop in the breast of a woman. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma in situ. The cancer cells develop in the milk ducts of the breast. Doctors and researchers do not exactly know the cause of cancer. All they know is that it usually occurs when a cell’s DNA is damaged. When cells in the breast start to develop abnormally they begin to develop quicker than the normal cells. They also keep multiplying, causing them to metastasize throughout the breast to the persons lymph nodes and sometimes other parts of the body. Sometimes breast cancer occurs in the lobules, but most of the time it starts in the invasive ductal carcinoma. Breast†¦show more content†¦Stage 0, carcinoma in situ, has 3 different types of carcinoma in situ. The first type is Ductal carcinoma in situ. In this condition, there are abnormal cells that are lining the duct of the breast, but, has not me tastasized to other parts of the body. The second type is Lobular carcinoma in situ. There are abnormal cells found in the lobules of the breast in this condition. Cancer.gov says that having LCIS in one breast increases the risk of having breast cancer in one or both breasts. The last type is Paget disease, where abnormal cells are only found in the nipple. Next, is stage 1. In stage one we find that the person, has developed cancer. The stage is split into states IA and IB. In stage IA, the cancer cell is 2 centimeters or smaller, while in stage IB there are chunks of cancer cells smaller than 2 millimeters. In stage IA the cancer hasn’t spread but in stage IB it’s found in the lymph nodes. Stage 2 also is split into two parts, IIA and IIB. In IIA the tumor has either not been found in the breast, but 1 to 3 axillary lymph nodes or in the lymph nodes near the breastbone (Cancer.gov). Or, the tumor is no bigger than 5 centimeters and has not advanced to the lymph node s. In stage IIB there are cancer cells in the lymph nodes, they haven’t spread to the lymph nodes, or they have spread to 1 to 3 axillary lymph nodes or in the lymph nodes near the breastbone (Cancer.gov).Show MoreRelated Breast Cancer: The Epidemic Essay1332 Words   |  6 Pagesmammograms? Breast cancer is an epidemic that plagues women, even though some men can get it. According to the American Cancer Society, â€Å"breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. The disease occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get it, too† (Breast Cancer). Today many women are becoming diagnosed with breast cancer. ItRead MoreEssay on Breast Cancer- Awareness in Females1595 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction- â€Å"What is breast cancer? 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However, this process is referred to as metastasis, which is the major cause of death fromRead MoreCell Signaling Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pageshuman disease breast cancer and sickle cell anemia have been the most prevalent. The importance of these topics in reference to breast cancer and sickle cell anemia are the background information on these diseases, the general population affected, what gene/proteins are involved in these diseases, the symptoms of the diseases, the experimental research, and the key advances/ problems relaying to treatment for the diseases. Understanding the background information and how much breast cancer affects peopleRead MoreBreast and Ovarian Cancer Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: Breast and Ovarian Cancer Purpose Statement: This speech has a primary goal of educating the audience and to give a better understanding of what breast cancer is and how it can be treated with detection by a vast variety of methods. It will also give better understanding that not only women but men also are susceptible to breast cancer. Introduction I. Attention: There are a number of researches done about breast and ovarian cancer. Breast cancer is the second largest cause of deathRead MoreEssay about The Biology of Breast Cancer1069 Words   |  5 PagesToday in the United States, Breast Cancer occurs in about one in eight women which is currently the most common cancer among women. The number of cases is expected to decrease due to the advancements in technology and dedicated researchers. Scientists have put an estimated 4.8 billion dollars towards the research every year to help find a cure or a new treatment for breast cancer (STAT Facts Breast Cancer). Researchers have found causes, put in research and theories that help with understandingRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Dangerous Type Of Cancer1502 Words   |  7 PagesMost people know breast cancer is a dangerous type of cancer that affects both men and women. Author Gayle Sulik of Pink Ribbon Blues: How Breast Cancer Culture Undermines Women s Health describes breast c ancer as, â€Å"abnormal cells [that] appear in the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) or the lobules (glands that make milk) and, more importantly, have the capacity to spread (metastasize)† (164). Breast cancer can be treated with surgeries and chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapiesRead MoreEssay on Breast Cancer Awareness 1413 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the American Cancer Society, Every year, more than 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer; furthermore Twelve percent of all women will contract the disease, and 3.5% of them will die from breast cancer (American Cancer Society, 2005). There are risk factors that may lead to breast cancer. There are 4 stages of breast cancer and several treatments, although treatments vary from types and stages of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women who areRead MoreOne of the Most Well-Known Cancers in Todays Society, Breast Cancer1304 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer is one of the most well-known cancers in today’s society. Or is it? What does society know about breast cancer other than it obviously is cancer of the breast? Breast cancer is very well advertised with the pink ribbons, the commercials and advertisements, the Breast Cancer walks, and the promotional information given out regarding mammograms. In today’s world there are several cancers, but breast cancer is very prevalent among women and men. This paper is designed to research whatRead MoreEssay Breast Cancer961 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is everywhere. The pink ribbons, the â€Å"I heart boobies† bracelets, and the thousands of breast cancer walks all over the United States. These all contribute to breast cancer organizations. Over one hundred million dollars has been raised to support breast cancer. This may not seem serious by the promotions and jokes that these organizations pull support from, but don’t forget the millions of people who have breast cancer. Breast cancer affects, approximately, an eighth of all American

Modern Technology vs Books Free Essays

One of the most important marvels of modern technology is the Internet, which has not just revolutionized the process of information retrieval, but also, dramatically changed the way people seek information. If in the past, people often had to spend so much time and energy going through many pages or sheets of printed media only to seek for specific information, now with the aid of the internet; information retrieval can be much easier and time-saving. The revolutionary way which the internet offers triggers an intriguing question whether it will replace books or printed media as the main source of information. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Technology vs Books or any similar topic only for you Order Now From my observation, I tend to believe that it will. My main reason is because it has so many advantages over printed media, which make the former (the internet) more preferable, more interesting, more attractive, and even more reliable than the latter (printed media). As a result, more and more people turn to the internet every time they need to seek for information. Here are some of the advantages which I can list to support my belief. First, the kinds of information which the internet provides are almost unlimited. We can find almost any topics from a single computer equipped with a good connection to the internet, while it is impossible to find such a large number of topics only from a single book or a single newspaper. As a result, when people need almost any information, ranging from the latest news, house rentals, car sales, to public transport schedules and fares, they rely on the internet rather than printed media. Second, the information stored in the internet can be updated at very short intervals, enabling its users to always get the latest progress or development. This kind of updating can’t be applied to printed media and thus, printed media always lags behind the internet. Third, the internet also provides other facilities that printed media can’t provide. For example, it enables its users to perform multitasking or interactivity, so that they can communicate with other people, play online games, download or upload pictures, and so on, while seeking for information. Fourth, the optimization of internet usage can reduce paper consumption significantly. Since the environmental awareness is on the rise, people are encouraged to reduce paper consumption. More paper consumption can lead to more deforestation because the raw materials for making paper basically come from forests. As a result, paperless office and â€Å"going paperless† are being intensively promoted, and here in this context, the internet has proved to be supportive. Looking at the rapidly widespread use of the internet and people’s increasing reliance on it, I believe that someday the internet will triumph over printed media. The first signs of it have shown. For example, the number of internet users is increasing so dramatically, while the sale of printed media is decreasing. How to cite Modern Technology vs Books, Essays

Isolation Precautions Essay Example For Students

Isolation Precautions Essay Isolation Precautions Special precautionary measures, practices, and procedures used in the care of patients with contagious or communicable diseases. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides explicit and comprehensive guidelines for control of the spread of infectious disease in the care of hospitalized patients. The type of infectious disease a patient has dictates the kind of isolation precautions necessary to prevent spread of the disease to others. Standard Precautions are the primary tool for the successful control of hospital acquired infections. Standard Precautions are those precautions designed for the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status. When you are close to, or are handling, blood, body fluid, body tissues, mucous membranes, or areas of open skin, you must use personal protective equipment, depending on the anticipated exposure, such as gloves, mask and goggles, apron, gown, and shoe covers. Airborne precautions may be needed for germs that are so small they can float in the air and travel long distances. Airborne precautions help keep staff, visitors, and ther patients from breathing in these germs and getting sick. These germs include chicken pox, measles, and active tuberculosis (TB). Patients who have these germs should be in a special room where the air is gently sucked out. This is called a negative pressure room. Everyone who goes into the room should put on a respirator mask that fits well before they enter the room. Gloves are to be worn when entering the room. A gown should be worn if you anticipate that your clothing will become contaminated with infectious materials. Gown and gloves should be removed before eaving the patients room and hands washed thoroughly. If the patient must leave their room for diagnostic tests or treatments, notify the receiving department that the patient requires Contact Precautions. Contact precautions may be needed for germs that are spread by direct or indirect contact. This means that the bacteria or virus can be acquired by either directly touching the infected site or body fluid or by touching equipment that may be contaminated with infectious material. Everyone who enters the room who may touch the patient or objects in the room should wear a gown and gloves. These precautions help keep staff and visitors from spreading the germs after touching a patient or an object the patient has touched. Droplet precautions are used to prevent contact with mucus and other secretions from the nose and sinuses, throat, airways, and lungs. Droplet transmission occurs when the person coughs or sneezes and releases large respiratory droplets into the usually falling within 3 feet of the patient. These particles are too heavy to remain in the air and to be carried on air currents. Illnesses that require droplet precautions nclude influenza (flu), pertussis (whooping cough), and mumps. Everyone who goes into the room should wear a surgical mask. 1. A child is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of suspected meningococcal meningitis. Which of the following nursing measures should the nurse do FIRST? a. Institute seizure precautions b. Assess neurologic status c. Place in respiratory isolation d. Assess vital signs 2. A client is diagnosed with methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. What type of isolation is MOST appropriate for this client? . Reverse isolation b. Respiratory isolation c. Standard precautions d. Contact isolation 3. Several clients are admitted to an adult medical unit. The nurse would ensure airborne precautions for a client with which of the following medical conditions? a. A diagnosis of AIDS and cytomegalovirus b. A positive PPD with an abnormal chest x-ray c. A tentative diagnosis of viral pneumonia d. Advanced ca rcinoma of the lung 4. Which of the following is the FIRST priority in preventing infections when providing care for a client? a. Handwashing b. Wearing gloves c. .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a , .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .postImageUrl , .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a , .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:hover , .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:visited , .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:active { border:0!important; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:active , .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04c899e2d9b0ae792249a44fa52aef5a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen Suicide EssayUsing a barrier between clients furniture and nurses bag d. Wearing gowns and goggles 5. An adult woman is admitted to an isolation unit in the hospital after tuberculosis was detected during a pre-employment physical. Although frightened about her diagnosis, she is anxious to cooperate with the therapeutic regimen. The teaching plan includes information regarding the most common means of transmitting the tubercle bacillus from one individual to another. Which contamination is usually responsible? a. Hands. b. Droplet nuclei. c. Milk products. d. Eating utensils.

What is popular culture Persuasive Essay Example For Students

What is popular culture? Persuasive Essay Popular culture this way is the (authentic) culture of the people, such us folk culture. But also creates problems. Who qualifies for inclusion in the category the people and it evades the commercial nature of much of the resources from which the culture is made. (Storey, 1998, p. 8) A fifth definition of popular culture, is one which draws on the political analysis of the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci , issue the term hegemony to refer to the way in which dominant groups in society, through a process of intellectual and moral leadership seek to win the consent of the subordinate groups in society. We will write a custom essay on What is popular culture? Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The balance between the incorporation, higher groups in our society which force the subordinate groups and the resistance of the last, is popular culture. This works in what Gramsci calls compromise equilibrium. As Bannet explains:the field of popular culture is structured by the attempt of ruling class to win hegemony and by forms of opposition to the endeavour. In neo-Gramscian theory, there is one more approach of popular culture, which suggests that theory of popular culture is contested site for political constructions of the people and their relation to the power bloc'. The people are explained as a variety of social groups from various classes, which are distinguished by the economically and politically powerful groups. Because this is to make popular culture sound too much political we can consider Fiskes argument that popular culture is what people make from the products of the culture industries. (Storey, 1998, p. 11-12) A sixth definition of popular culture is post-modern culture, which no longer recognizes the distinction between high culture and popular culture. For some, this provides a reason to celebrate the end of the elite view built on arbitrary distinctions of culture (high culture as trashy and worthless). In this respect all cultures are equally worth. For others, it is a reason to despair at the final victor of commerce over culture, as authentic culture becomes co modified and commercialized. Popular culture is connected to urbanization and industrialization. Its connected to a capitalist market economy and involved a separation between the classes based on economies (who controls the culture industries and who gives them the economic power). Popular culture is hard to pine down or define. When we talk about popular culture, what we are defining is in relation to mass culture, working class culture, folk culture etc. popular culture should be considered as part of culture in general, and it should not be looked upon as inferior.

Custom Essay Paper Writing (Page 16)

Custom Essay Paper Writing (Page 16) Argumentative Research Paper Topics An example of the research paper introduction on the topic about the Internet: The end of the XX century is marked by the increasingly widespread use of computers and information technology in so many different areas. Computers permit significantly improve the efficiency of work in the various activities and open up new horizons of knowledge to humans. Therefore, the possession of skills of working with the computer is very important for today's Continue reading APA Style Research Paper APA Style Research Paper The most commonly requested format for research paper writing is APA style. APA style is commonly used in the social sciences and is consider as the most influential research paper writing style. Nevertheless, different fields may have some aberration, so consult your advisor on research paper writing requirements. If the teacher asks you to write APA style research paper, you have to follow specific rules which make the presentation of written material more Continue reading Action Paper Research Action Paper Research: Active Team-work! If you have got an assignment to write an action research paper, you should pay special attention to this task. The matter is that the action paper research is rather different from other kinds of the academic research. So, to cope with your task you should understand what exactly you should do. This article will help you make head or tail of what the action paper research should include and in what way it should be made. Action paper research Continue reading Writing the Analysis Paper Writing the Analysis Paper: Universal Approach Those people who get excellent grades for their analysis papers know the mechanism of writing them, and those, who get low grades, face a what-to-start-with problem and many others. The main problems and solutions to them are discussed in the article. First of all, start with answering the following two questions:Whom are you writing for? What is the purpose of you analysis paper? The answer to the first question will help you to define Continue reading Writing a Reaction Paper Writing a Reaction PaperIf you are writing a reaction paper, you should keep in mind a number of specific rules. In particular, reaction paper should be written critically, it is your task to provide critical response to a book, film, event, or even a person. The following example reaction paper is written about sex education. If you need individual help with reaction paper writing, do not hesitate to try our custom paper writing services. We are open 24/7 to provide high quality assistance with Continue reading Writing a College Term Paper Writing a College Term PaperAre you assigned to write a term paper? Do you want to thrill your professor with a brilliant work and get an A+? Then some special secrets of writing a college term paper will be just in time for you. If you want to learn how to write a good college essay or looking for college essay online writing service, do not hesitate to place an order at our site! We provide qualitative college essay help !When writing the college term paper, you have to give the reader Continue reading Valentine's Day Essay Valentine's Day Essay This is a free sample essay on Valentine's Day. If you need custom assistance with Valentines Day essay writing, do not hesitate to request professional help of our essay writers! Let our writing experts help you with writing your unique, interesting, and original Valentines Day essay especially for you! Our writing services are legal, safe, and reliable! It happens around this time every year. We men undergo a transformation. This transformation is Continue reading The Stolen Party Term Paper The Stolen Party Term PaperWell, the term is coming to the end and your teacher says over again that you have to prepare The Stolen Party term paper. The task seems to be overcomplicated to you, that is why you put it off all the time. But actually, all you need to start working on The Stolen Party term paper is forget about your fear for difficulties and find a good idea. In this article, some catchy ideas to develop in The Stolen Party Continue reading Sociology Paper Sociology Paper: Target - Clarity Sociology is rather young but very interesting science. It helps us study ourselves. That is why if you have got an assignment to write a sociology paper, do not neglect this good opportunity to learn more about people. Papers Sociology: Subjects of Research Any sociology paper (whether it is an essay or a term paper) is a kind of research of one or another aspect of the social life of people. Sociology papers may cover positive as well as negative sides of Continue reading Sample Papers Sample Papers: Help for Students Are you becoming crazy about those numerous assignment papers that you are constantly provided with during your study? Sometimes it may seem to you that they are aimed at turning your life into the terrible nightmare. Do not know how to escape from all that? Try not to avoid the problem but solve it! This article will help you in that. If you do not know how to write your assignment papers, do not rack your brains make use of the Internet. You may find Continue reading First Previous 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Next Last

The khipu system of the Andes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The khipu system of the Andes - Research Paper Example Through this main concept, there is the ability to understand how the Khipu System developed as a needed system in the Andes, as well as how it has developed into a writing system. The Khipu System of the Andes The concept of the Khipu System developed in the Andes as a formation of communication from the Incas. The system began with the belief in a need to record information and history as well as stories that were a part of the culture. This was combined with the visualization and symbols that were often attributed to the Incas and which were used in creating a sense of understanding through various shapes and forms that were recorded in the culture. The Incas developed the Khipu system specifically to create a recordkeeping attribute to the society and to tell the stories to others which could be passed down outside of oral storytelling and into the visualization and material goods which could keep records of those that were a part of the Inca society. The perspectives which were created were based on a combined effort with hieroglyphs, pictographic tests and a known form of early writing within the Andes (Boone, Mignolo, 5). The development of the Khipu didn’t just develop because of the need to pass down history and to have a form of writing. The formation of a knot system as communication came specifically because of the developments which the race already had. ... To record this, were also specific attributes associated with coordination of numbers and record keeping with the economic status. This particular form of record keeping with numbers then emerged into the political and social concepts which were a part of the main system. This was based on the use of symbolism and visualization which continued to accelerate into the system. The symbolic power of every material which was in society was an important concept and created a sense of significance, which led to the iconographic motifs in the Andes and eventually led to a mainstream system used in all cultures in the economy and within society. The Khapu system was able to combine the economics, numeral understand, symbolism of visualization and the use of the materials and visual relationships as creating a sense of meaning. These different attributes were able to lead to the evolution of the system and the approaches which were associated with the Khapu System (Henderson, 272). Evidence of the Writing System There are several areas of evidence that show that the Khapu system was a form of an earlier writing system and which led into an evolution of understanding specific stories, record keeping alternatives and associations with the time frame. The Spanish and European invasions of the Andes first presented the information about the writing system, specifically with an understanding that it was able to create a different form of communication. For instance, Naples documents from individuals such as Blas Valera, a mestizo Jesuit, presents the system and shows how it was a form of communication in the Andes. It was known that before this, the Incan culture and writing was thought to be lost; however, the work which was

Role of Religion and REN in Wells and Byrn Essay

Role of Religion and REN in Wells and Byrn - Essay Example This essay declares that H.G. Wells in his work titled The Discovery of the Future and E.W. Byrn named The Progress of Invention during the Past Fifty Years discuss how future might pan out influenced by various factors. Wells examine the ways past and present determines future, with various psychological and philosophical aspects playing inducing roles. On the other hand, Byrn focus on various scientific and technological inventions and discoveries of the past and the ways those things are orienting contemporary times and might sway future as well. Although both writers take a distinct approach in formulating their vision of progress, they both deal with how religion and REN play an optimal influencing role, and in other cases, how they take a ‘backseat’ and allow humans to play their roles in future and their vision of progress.This discussion stresses that  humans play prominent roles, there are occasions when religion subtly and even explicitly plays a role in peop le’s living and thereby influences their future and progress. That is, religion in the form of god or superior power is shown to influence individuals or society and in a way their future.  Although humans has invented and discovered many life sustaining and useful things, there is a view that superior powers and religion mainly played the facilitating role in that process.  Wells point out that future is something that is ambiguous, complex, and difficult to grasp.

Enzyme Kinetics of Acetylcholinesterase

Enzyme Kinetics of Acetylcholinesterase David Romero Perez Enzyme kinetics of Acetylcholinesterase and its behaviour in the presence of Edrophonium. Abstract The aim of the present study was to test the effects of edrophonium on the enzyme kinetics of acetylcholinesterase. The use of s-acetylthiocholine as a substrate with its breakdown by acetylcholinesterase and the later reaction into a coloured product, allowed the utilization of colorimetric technique in conjunction with spectrophotometry. A Michaelis-Menton and a Lineweaver-Burk plot showed edrophonium to be an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that does not fit with the classical descriptions of competitive, non-competitive or uncompetitive inhibitors. The results though were coherent with previous research that classed edrophonium as a mixed inhibitor at concentrations similar to the ones used in the present study, 10 uM. On the contrary, the same study suggested that edrophonium behaves as a competitive inhibitor at concentrations of 0.1 uM but this concentration was not tested on the present study and, therefore, further research is required. Introduction Chemical reactions are the fundamental basis of all matter and, therefore, of life. The study of the chemistry relevant to life is called biochemistry and inside this discipline the study of enzymes has been of particular importance. Enzymes simply make rare chemical events common enough to allow the accumulation of, otherwise, improvable molecules or products required for life (Laidler, 1997). Thanks to millions of years of evolution the level of sophistication in biological systems has reached high levels, allowing fine-tuned regulation of enzymes and their products (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer, 2012). Nonetheless, the study of the enzyme kinetics and how their regulation works had to overcome, with great efforts, the technological difficulties of such small and fast reactions (Laidler, 1997). The first studies done on enzyme kinetics were on fermentation. From ancient cultures to the present humans have use fermentation to produce alcohol and bread. But it was not until the 19th century that fermentation started to be studied. Fischer’s lock and key hypothesis was one of the first successful although not completely accurate attempts to explain the process (Laidler, 1997). On 1902 Brown studied invertase, using yeast and sucrose, discovering the Enzyme-Substrate complex (ES) (Kenneth, 2013). This provided the fundamental blocks for the development of the new-born biochemistry discipline. Another hallmark on biochemistry was the work of Leonor Michaelis and Maud Leonora Menten, 1913, Michaelis-Menten equation (E + S →↠ ES →↠ ES ´ → E + products). Their experiment failed but gave us important lessons on the importance of pH on enzyme reactions (Laidler, 1997). The pH is important because most, if not all, enzymes are active only at specific ranges of pH, and usually reach their optimum activity around 7.0 pH. This value is common in biological systems although specialized enzymes may require higher or lower values (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer, 2012). Also, the previously mentioned researchers produced an easy way of visualizing the data in the form of a graph called the Michaelis-Menten plot. This graph allows quick recognition of important parameters like the maximum activity reached by the enzyme (Vmax) and the amount of substrate required to produce half Vmax (Km) (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer, 2012; Laidler, 1997). The Michaelis-Menten plot will be used in this study to show both parameters in relation to the enzyme achetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme of vital importance for the nervous system. As an enzyme is a globular protein mostly released to the inter-synaptic space between neurons’ axons and dendrites. Its purpose there is to break down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to prevent it from continuously activating acetylcholine receptors on the post-synaptic neuron (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer, 2012). As with every enzyme other substances can interact with it or with the conformation of the E+S complex. These components are called inhibitors and are usually described as competitive, non-competitive or uncompetitive, although mixed inhibitors have been also described (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer, 2012; Howard, 2007). For any chemical to be classed as an inhibitor it must have an negative effect on the Vmax and/or Km. The effect on those would decide what type of inhibitor the chemical is. If competitive the inhibitor binds to the catalytic site and Vmax remains the same while Km is increased. On the other side, if non-competitive, it would bind on a different location than the catalytic site, preventing the binding of the substrate. In this case Vmax would be the same but Km would be decreased. In turn, an uncompetitive inhibitor binds to the Enzyme-Substrate complex (ES) and both Vmax and Km, are decreased (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer, 2012; Howard, 2007). In the present study the kinetics of achetylcholinesterase are tested in the presence or absence of edrophonium in order to investigate if it is indeed an inhibitor and to which class it belongs. These values were found using a combination of spectrophotometry and colourometry techniques. Spectrophotometry is a technique in which light crosses a cuvette containing the solutes. The content of the solution absorbs a certain amount of light depending on the concentration of the coloured chemical, therefore, less light will reach the detector at the other side of the cuvette. This is called the transmittance, and allows us to calculate the absorbance by subtracting the transmittance to 1 (1-T=A). The absorbance increases or decreases with the capacity of the solution to absorb light, giving an accurate reading of changes in solution composition or concentrations as is the case with enzymes in the presence of their specific substrate (Blauch, 2014; Reed, et al., 1998). This is calculated using the Beer-Lambert law which states that absorbance can be obtained by the equation A=Ecl (E=molar absorbitivity, c=concentration, l=longitude of the path of light which is commonly 1cm) (Anon., n.d.) Being the molar absorptivity (E) of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid 1.3610^4. The Beer-Lam bert equation can be rearranged (Anon., n.d.) to study the concentrations of unknown samples given that A and E are known and it provides the basis to accurate study of enzyme kinetics together with colourometric technique. Colourometry is based in the natural correlation between the amount of coloured chemical in a solution and the intensity of that colour. Therefore, by comparing solutions of known concentration of the same chemical it is possible to determine the concentration of the unknown concentration sample (Lancashire, 2011). To do so, a spectrophotometer is used by setting it up at the specific wavelength that corresponds to the colour of the reaction (Reed, et al., 1998). In some cases the product of the enzymatic reaction may not produce any colour and a modified substrate can be used. As it was explained before, acetylcholinesterase hydrolyses (breaks down) acetylcholine into an acetyl group and choline. The problem when trying to use the colourometric technique to measure the substrate production is that choline is colourless, hence the reason s-acetylthiocholine is used instead. The break down product thiocholine reacts with 5,5’dithiobis acid (DTNB) to produce 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (E=1.3610^4). This final product is yellow coloured and can be measured using the spectrophotometer at 412nm wavelength, allowing the precise study of acetylcholinesterase kinetics. Materials The agents used in this experiment were phosphate buffer (0.1 M), acetylthiocholine (15mM), DTNB reagent (6mM), acetylcholinesterase enzyme (0.3 u/ml) and water. All of them provided by UCLan School of Biomedical Sciences. In order to create the mixtures Gilson pipettes ( p20, p200 and p1000) with their respective tips were used. In addition, 3ml tubes were used for the initial adding of agents and 1ml standard plastic cuvettes for the spectrometer, which was also used to measure the absorbance. Methods The present study was divided in three parts. The aim of the first part was to find out the effect of enzyme concentration on rate reaction. The second part aimed to find the effect of different substrate concentration on rate reaction. Finally the third part studied the effect of edrophonium on enzyme rate reaction at different substrate concentrations. As a general note, every single dilution was kept at 3.0ml volume, using phosphate buffer as solvent. Also, every single dilution had 0.1ml AChE but in controls it was replaced with 0.1ml phosphate buffer to keep the 3.0ml volume. All mixtures were produce at room temperature. Plastic cuvettes were used to measure up absorbance in a spectrometer at 412 nm wavelength for two minutes, being the result the average per minute of those two minutes. For the first part of the study on effect of enzyme concentration on rate reaction the mixtures were produced as showed in table 1. AGENT VOLUME 1ST MIXTURE VOLUME 2ND MIXTURE VOLUME 3RD MIXTURE STOCK CONC. REACTION CONC. PHOSPHATE BUFFER 1.25 ml 1.2 ml 1.1 ml 0.1 M 50 mM ACETYLTHIOCHOLINE 0.1 ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml 15mM 0.5 mM DTNB REAGENT 0.1 ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml 6 mM 0.2 mM AChE 0.05 ml 0.1 ml 0.2 ml 0.3 u/ml 1st-0.005 u/ml 2nd-0.01 u/ml 3rd-0.02 u/ml WATER 1.5 ml 1.5 ml 1.5 ml n/a n/a Table 1 Reaction Mixtures. Before measuring every mixture the spectrometer was blanked with the correspondent control without the enzyme. The second part of the study looked at the effect on rate reaction of different substrate concentrations. The mixtures were produced with the volumes detailed in table 2. ACETYLTHIOCHOLINE (ml) PHOSPHATE BUFFER (ml) DTNB REAGENT (ml) AChE (ml) WATER Reaction conc of Acetylthiocholine (uM) 0.20 1.1 0.1 0.1 1.5 1000 0.10 1.2 0.1 0.1 1.5 500 0.05 1.25 0.1 0.1 1.5 250 0.02 1.28 0.1 0.1 1.5 100 0.01 1.29 0.1 0.1 1.5 50 0.005 1.295 0.1 0.1 1.5 25 Table 2 Composition of mixtures of acetylcholinesterase enzyme reaction without edrophonium. The effect of edrophonium on rate reaction was studied on the third part of the experiment. The mixtures were produced following table 3. Acetylthiocholine (ml) Phosphate Buffer (ml) DTNB Reagent (ml) Edrophonium (ul) AChE (ml) Water (ml) Reaction conc of acetythiocholine (uM) 0.20 1.1 0.1 100 0.1 1.5 1000 0.10 1.20 0.1 100 0.1 1.5 500 0.05 1.25 0.1 100 0.1 1.5 250 0.02 1.28 0.1 100 0.1 1.5 100 0.01 1.29 0.1 100 0.1 1.5 50 0.005 1.295 0.1 100 0.1 1.5 25 Table 3 Composition of mixtures of acetylcholinesterase enzyme reaction with edrophonium. Once the absorbance was recorded, the Beer-Lambert law equation was transformed to calculate the Velocity of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (E=1.3610^4) production in Moles/litre/min achieved by every mixture: -A=ECL → C=A/E (L equals 1 per 1 cm of light path length inside the spectrophotometer cuvettes). The full calculations can be consulted in appendix 1. Results For the first part of the study the effect of enzyme concentration on rate reaction was measured and the velocity on nM/L/min was calculated and noted in table 4. Acetylcholinesterase concentration in u/ml Velocity of reaction in ÃŽ ¼M/L/min 0.005 2.05 0.01 3.97 0.02 7.8 Table 4 Calculated Velocity of reaction by acetylcholinesterase concentration. The velocity was plotted against enzyme concentration in graph 1, which shows a linear relationship between both parameters. Graph 1 Enzyme reaction of acetylcholine in response to enzyme concentration. Next the velocities of enzyme reaction at acetylthiocholine concentrations ranging from 25-1000 ÃŽ ¼M in the presence or absence of edrophonium were calculated and noted in table 5. Reaction concentration of Acetylthiocholine (ÃŽ ¼M) Velocity of reaction without edrophonium (ÃŽ ¼M/L/min) Velocity of reaction with edrophonium (ÃŽ ¼M/L/min) 25 2.5 0.15 50 2.87 0.95 100 3.6 1.25 250 3.75 2.57 500 4.34 2.65 1000 6.62 3 Table 5 calculated Velocities of acetylcholinesterase enzymatic reaction with and without edrophonium. Using the data from table 5 a Michaelis-Menton graph was plotted in graph 2 in order to reveal changes in Vmax and Km in the presence or absence of edrophonium. Graph 2 Michaelis-Menton plot of acetylcholine in the presence or absence of edrophonium. Clear differences on Vmax and Km were found between mixtures with or without edrophonium. In its presence Vmax dropped from 4.34 uM/L/ml to 3.01 uM/L/ml. On the contrary, the amount of substrate (s-acetylthiocholine) required to achieve 50% of Vmax was increased from 30 uM/ml to 100 uM/ml. There was a problem with the higher concentration mixture of the absence condition as it produced a higher than expected absorbance. This was examined in the discussion section. A Lineweaver-Burk plot (graph 3) showed the same results with decreased Vmax and increased Km. Graph 3 Lineweaver-Burk plot acetylcholinesterase in the presence and absence of edrophonium. In agreement with what was observed in graph 2, the graph showed that edrophonium is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. The kind of inhibitor it belongs to was examined in the discussion section. Discussion When comparing the Michaelis-Menton and the Lineweaver-Burk plots with the standard results of competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibitors (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer, 2012), it became clear edrophonium did not belong to any of those. This can be explained by understanding the mode of action of a given inhibitor with the enzyme-substrate complex. Different inhibitors interact with different parts of a given enzyme or at different moments. A competitive inhibitor â€Å"competes† with the substrate for the catalytic site of the enzyme. As a consequence, the Vmax is reduced but if the concentration of the substrate is increased, more substrate would reach the catalytic site, nullifying the effect of the inhibitor although increasing the Km. An uncompetitive inhibitor does not bind to the catalytic site but somewhere else on the enzyme. It binds only once the E+S complex has been formed, decreasing the reaction rate regardless the substrate concentration. As a result the enzyme can not reach its normal Vmax and the Km is decreased. On the other hand, a noncompetitive inhibitor does not need the E+S complex to bind to the enzyme and does not decrease E+S formation. However, the E+S+I complex would not create a product, inactivating the enzyme. Basically, the noncompetitive inhibitor has taken a percentage of the active enzy me from the population, decreasing the Vmax but maintaining the same Km for the rest of the active enzyme population (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer, 2012). The results of the present study suggest that edrophonium decreases the Vmax whilst increasing the Km and this effect can not be overcome by increasing substrate concentration. As a result, it can be classed as a mixed inhibitor, which inhibits the binding of the enzyme to the substrate and, at the same time, inactivates a proportion of the enzyme population (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer, 2012). This has been supported by previous research (Robaire Kato, 1975) that found edrophonium to be a competitive inhibitor at concentrations of 0.1 uM but a mixed inhibitor at concentrations like the used in the present study, 10 uM. There were some limitations with the materials used. Plastic cuvettes were used instead of glass ones which are more suitable for organic solvents (Reed, et al., 1998). Also, the relative pipetting inexperience of the researches might have affected the accuracy of the resulting mixtures, hence the odd results for the mixture of higher substrate concentration on the absence condition. In future research it is recommended to improve pipetting accuracy maybe by using an automated pipetting system. Also, the timing in enzymatic reactions is critical, as these reactions occur often in seconds or even milliseconds (Laidler, 1997). Therefore, a multiplate spectrophotometer reader could be used to measure the absorbance of the mixtures. This would avoid any potential differences and delays from the moment the mixture is done to its reading. Also, lower concentrations of edrophonium (0.1 uM) should be tested to corroborate Robaire and kato’s (1975) research. In conclusion, in agreement with previous research (Bonaire Kato, 1975), the data points at edrophonium as an acetylcholinesterase mixed inhibitor at least at high concentrations (10 uM). Nonetheless, it needs to be confirmed in future research that edrophonium is also a competitive inhibitor at low concentration. At the same time, the technique could be optimized by the use of automated means in order to improve accuracy given the odd results produced by poor pipetting accuracy. References Anon (n.d.) Beers Law. Available: http://teaching.shu.ac.uk/hwb/chemistry/tutorials/molspec/beers1.htm. Last accessed 15th Jan 2014. Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. (2012) Biochemistry, 7th ed. New York: Freeman. Blauch D. N. (2014) Spectrophotomery. Available: http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/spectrophotometry/Spectrophotometry.html. Last accessed 15th Jan 2014. Howard, A. J. (2007) Enzyme inhibition and regulation, CSRRi,iit, [online]. Available at: http://csrri.iit.edu/~howard/biochem/lectures/enzymeinhibition.html. Last accessed 15th Jan 2014. Kenneth, A. J. (2013) A century of enzyme kinetic analysis, 1913 to 2013. FEBSLetters. 587, 2753-2766. Laidler, K. J. (1997) A brief history of enzyme kinetics. In: A. Cornish-Bowden ed. New Beer in an Old Bottle: Eduard Buchner and the Growth of Biochemical Knowledge. Valencia: Universitat de Valencia, pp. 127-133. Lancashire, R. J. (2011) EXPERIMENT 36 COLOURIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHATE. Available: http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm/lab_manuals/c10expt36.html. Last accessed 15th Jan 2014. Reed, R. Holmes, D. Weyers, J. Jones, A. (1998) Practical Skills in Biomolecular Sciences. 4th ed. Essex: Pearson. 310-313. Robaire, B., Kato, G. (1975) Effects of Edrophonium, Eserine, Decamethonium, d-Tubocurarine, and Gallamine on the Kinetics of Membrane-Bound and Solubilized Eel Acetylcholinesterase. MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY. 11 (6), 722-734. Appendix 1 Velocity calculations Normal absorbances (nM) Divided by E Velociy (ÃŽ ¼M/L/min) 1/Velocity 0.034 2.5 0.4 0.039 2.87 0.35 0.049 1.3610^4 3.6 0.277 0.051 3.75 0.266 0.059 4.34 0.23 0.090 6.62 0.15 absorbances in the presence of edrophonium (nM) Divided by E Velociy (ÃŽ ¼M/L/min) 1/Velocity 0.002 0.15 6.6 0.013 0.95 1.05 0.017 1.3610^4 1.25 0.8 0.035 2.57 0.39 0.036 2.65 0.37 0.041 3 0.33

Sexuality at Different Life Stages

Sexuality at Different Life Stages Sexuality at Different Life Stages Through the different stages of our lives we experience sexuality in one way or another. In the stage of infancy we experience sexuality by the suckling our fingers to vaginal lubrication or erections. As we grow into older children we experience sexuality in the form of kissing and games such as doctor, or I will show you mine if you show me yours. In the case of Ana she is in the stage of adolescence. This is the stage when our body starts going through puberty and our sexual hormones are raging.This is also the time when we want the adults to be the most informative and answer questions that we may have without judgment. Ana is at the point in her life where she is at a fork in the road and is unsure of what she wants to do, and is feeling like she is being torn because of comments she is hearing from her mom. As much as her mom thinks that she is trying to keep her daughter. The next stage in life is adulthood. During adulthood there can be many different ways that one will experience sexuality.In the case of Tom and Susan they are both retired and although Susan is newly retired and has found interest in sex again Tom is not showing any interest. This could be a simple issue that could be taken care of with talking or even with medication. Then you can have the issue like in the case of Bill and being paralyzed which one may need to be informed of the possibilities into how he can be intimate with his partner. It is stated in Ana’s case that she is in the adolescent stage of her life and in love with her boyfriend who she has been dating for three years now.Her boyfriend is three years older and has putting pressure on her to have sex, and her mom is telling her that Ana’s boyfriend is going to take advantage of her because she is young. Ana needs to understand that what was right for her mother, or for her boyfriend may not be right for her. Ana needs to get away from the people that are in her ears and she needs to listen to what is in her heart. I do not believe in telling you Ana that I condone sex among adolescence, because I do not.Although I feel that the more informed you are about not only the possibilities that could happen from having sex, such as teen pregnancy and STD’s, the more you as an individual will be able to make an informed decision. When deciding to have sex with someone you need to stop and think about the reason you are having sex with this person. Is it because you want to or is it because you are feeling pressure from that person to have sex? You need to know what you morally believe in and be able to stand up for what you believe in.As far as your mother you need to let her know and to put her mind at ease that when you are ready to have sex with someone that you will make sure that you are having sex for all the right reasons and that you will be responsible about the decision you make. Keeping the line of communica tion open between you and your parents will help in being able to be informed about sex and the emotions that go along with it. A man can have sex with someone and not have it mean anything, but unfortunately for girls it is not the same.When a woman has sex with someone it is because she has strong feelings for that person and want to be together with that person and because she loves that person, and unfortunately that is not always the case for the person you decide to have a sexual relationship with. Tom and Susan you have both entered a stage in your life where you are at different stages sexually. Susan you are feeling sexual desire again in your stage of life whereas Tom may be at the stage where he is unsure that he may be able to perform.We all as individuals go through this in this stage of life because life takes a toll on us from our appearance being changed and looking older to maybe sexually things not working the way we want them to and this can play a big role in how we feel about ourselves mentally. As far as the way you look, all that matters is what your partner thinks of you and Tom thinks that your are more beautiful than the day he married you. As for you Tom being nervous about the possibility of things not working when you want them to can create a lot of unnecessary stress that could add to the problem of things not working.We can try one of two things, you can go home leave all your worries in my office and just enjoy each other and remind each other what you guys mean to one another, or we can look into prescribing something that will help you when you find yourselves wanting to be in that intimate moment. In the case of Bill he is at a point in his life that most adults if they are lucky will never have to go through and that is being able to be intimate with someone when you are paralyzed from the waist down. With a situation like this you as the individual going through the problem needs to know and understand the extent of your i njury.Knowing the extent of the injury would be able to let you know if you were able to achieve an erection or not. With everything that goes on between couples normally this is one more thing that can and will cause stress. There are many ways that you and your mate can find pleasure from each other you just need to be willing to think outside of the box. We as individuals go through so much as we grow and mature, that we often complicate the simple things in life instead of taking things in stride. In the cases that we went through we discussed many different ideas that can either be complicating a relationship, or making it better.

National Culture of Malaysia Essay

Professor Geert Hofstede conducted one of the most comprehensive studies of how values in workplace are influenced by culture. He defines these dimensions as follows: Power Distance: ‘the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) expect and accept that power is distributed unequally’. Uncertainty Avoidance: ‘intolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity’. Individualism versus Collectivism: ‘the extent to which individuals are integrated into groups’. Masculinity versus Femininity: ‘assertiveness and competitiveness versus modesty and caring’. Figure 1 Figure 1 shows the statistic of national culture in Malaysia through the lens of the 5-D Models. From the graph, we can get a deep overview of Malaysia culture relative to other world culture. 1) Power Distance: Malaysia has a high power distance because of the hierarchy system among people. The hierarchy is referred to the rank (Tan Sri, Datuk, Puan Sri), the level of knowledge (Professor, Doctor) or the seniority (grandpa, grandma, brother, sister). The value of the high power distance is respect and humble. It is ethically when employee give respect to their manager. 2) Individualism: Malaysia is categorized as collectivism because Malaysia emphasizes the good of the group, community, or society over and above individual gain. Three difference races (Chinese, Indian and Malay) are working together to develop the economy of Malaysia and increasing the quality of life. The value of collectivism is support and unity to gain equal advantages. It is non-ethical if these difference races do not respect each other and have racial bias. 3) Masculinity: Masculine cultures are described as being dominated by money and power relationships and often are results-oriented while feminine cultures are more connected with interpersonal relationship and process-oriented. From figure 1, Malaysia possesses masculinity and femininity culture. The masculinity culture in organization is characterized as command structure and expects employees to obey the instructions without questions. Meanwhile, femininity culture more focused on sharing emotions, democratic, cooperation and communication. 4) Uncertainty avoidance: Uncertainty avoidance is about the way approached by society to avoid unknown situation in the future. Malaysia is categorize as low uncertainty avoidance because individuals are less concerned by the ambiguity and uncertainty and have a greater tolerance for a variety of option. Such society are less ruleoriented, take more risks and more ready to accept change. In multinational corporation environment, the need for the product development processes and organizational routines are increases to generate competitive advantage in multiple nations. Low uncertainty avoidance can create the value of critical thinking among employee to solve the problem and cultivate the sense of responsibility for the decision making. It is an ethical situation for being prepared for the uncertainty and generate creative and innovative person in the country. Malaysia nowadays can be categorized as masculinity culture. People are live in order to work. Money and power is the sign of success driven by the competition and achievement. The value of the masculinity is the competiveness between workers to become the best and gain profit. It is ethical when we are trying our best to obtain great income or improve our quality of life.

Find out Why a Goldfish Turns White If Left in the Dark

The short answer to this question is probably not white, though the color will become much paler. Goldfish Can Change Colors Goldfish and many other animals change color in response to light levels. Pigment production in response to light is something were all familiar with  since this is the basis for a suntan. Fish have cells called chromatophores that produce the pigments that give coloration or reflect light. The color of a fish is determined in part by which pigments are in the cells (there are several colors), how many pigment molecules there are, and whether the pigment is clustered inside the cell or is distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Why Do They Change Color? If your goldfish is kept in the dark at night, you may notice it appears a little paler when you turn on the lights in the morning. Goldfish kept indoors without full-spectrum lighting are also less-brightly colored than fish exposed to natural sunlight or artificial lighting that includes ultraviolet light (UVA and UVB). If you keep your fish in the dark all the time, the chromatophores wont produce more pigment, so the fishs color will start to fade as the chromatophores that already have color naturally die, while the new cells arent stimulated to produce pigment. However, your goldfish wont become white if you keep it in the dark because fish also get some of their coloration from the foods they eat. Shrimp, spirulina, and fish meal naturally contain pigments called carotenoids. Also, many fish foods contain canthaxanthin, a pigment added for the purpose of enhancing fish color.